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<?php
/**
* @package Joomla.Plugin
* @subpackage System.Webauthn
*
* @copyright (C) 2020 Open Source Matters, Inc. <https://www.joomla.org>
* @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
*/
namespace Joomla\Plugin\System\Webauthn;
use Joomla\CMS\Date\Date;
use Joomla\CMS\Encrypt\Aes;
use Joomla\CMS\Factory;
use Joomla\CMS\Language\Text;
use Joomla\CMS\User\UserFactoryInterface;
use Joomla\Database\DatabaseAwareInterface;
use Joomla\Database\DatabaseAwareTrait;
use Joomla\Database\DatabaseInterface;
use Joomla\Plugin\System\Webauthn\Extension\Webauthn;
use Joomla\Registry\Registry;
use Webauthn\PublicKeyCredentialSource;
use Webauthn\PublicKeyCredentialSourceRepository;
use Webauthn\PublicKeyCredentialUserEntity;
// phpcs:disable PSR1.Files.SideEffects
\defined('_JEXEC') or die;
// phpcs:enable PSR1.Files.SideEffects
/**
* Handles the storage of WebAuthn credentials in the database
*
* @since 4.0.0
*/
final class CredentialRepository implements PublicKeyCredentialSourceRepository, DatabaseAwareInterface
{
use DatabaseAwareTrait;
/**
* Public constructor.
*
* @param DatabaseInterface|null $db The database driver object to use for persistence.
*
* @since 4.2.0
*/
public function __construct(DatabaseInterface $db = null)
{
$this->setDatabase($db);
}
/**
* Returns a PublicKeyCredentialSource object given the public key credential ID
*
* @param string $publicKeyCredentialId The identified of the public key credential we're searching for
*
* @return PublicKeyCredentialSource|null
*
* @since 4.0.0
*/
public function findOneByCredentialId(string $publicKeyCredentialId): ?PublicKeyCredentialSource
{
/** @var DatabaseInterface $db */
$db = $this->getDatabase();
$credentialId = base64_encode($publicKeyCredentialId);
$query = $db->getQuery(true)
->select($db->quoteName('credential'))
->from($db->quoteName('#__webauthn_credentials'))
->where($db->quoteName('id') . ' = :credentialId')
->bind(':credentialId', $credentialId);
$encrypted = $db->setQuery($query)->loadResult();
if (empty($encrypted)) {
return null;
}
$json = $this->decryptCredential($encrypted);
try {
return PublicKeyCredentialSource::createFromArray(json_decode($json, true));
} catch (\Throwable $e) {
return null;
}
}
/**
* Returns all PublicKeyCredentialSource objects given a user entity. We only use the `id` property of the user
* entity, cast to integer, as the Joomla user ID by which records are keyed in the database table.
*
* @param PublicKeyCredentialUserEntity $publicKeyCredentialUserEntity Public key credential user entity record
*
* @return PublicKeyCredentialSource[]
*
* @since 4.0.0
*/
public function findAllForUserEntity(PublicKeyCredentialUserEntity $publicKeyCredentialUserEntity): array
{
/** @var DatabaseInterface $db */
$db = $this->getDatabase();
$userHandle = $publicKeyCredentialUserEntity->getId();
$query = $db->getQuery(true)
->select('*')
->from($db->quoteName('#__webauthn_credentials'))
->where($db->quoteName('user_id') . ' = :user_id')
->bind(':user_id', $userHandle);
try {
$records = $db->setQuery($query)->loadAssocList();
} catch (\Exception $e) {
return [];
}
/**
* Converts invalid credential records to PublicKeyCredentialSource objects, or null if they
* are invalid.
*
* This closure is defined as a variable to prevent PHP-CS from getting a stoke trying to
* figure out the correct indentation :)
*
* @param array $record The record to convert
*
* @return PublicKeyCredentialSource|null
*/
$recordsMapperClosure = function ($record) {
try {
$json = $this->decryptCredential($record['credential']);
$data = json_decode($json, true);
} catch (\JsonException $e) {
return null;
}
if (empty($data)) {
return null;
}
try {
return PublicKeyCredentialSource::createFromArray($data);
} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
return null;
}
};
$records = array_map($recordsMapperClosure, $records);
/**
* Filters the list of records to only keep valid entries.
*
* Only array members that are PublicKeyCredentialSource objects survive the filter.
*
* This closure is defined as a variable to prevent PHP-CS from getting a stoke trying to
* figure out the correct indentation :)
*
* @param PublicKeyCredentialSource|mixed $record The record to filter
*
* @return boolean
*/
$filterClosure = function ($record) {
return !\is_null($record) && \is_object($record) && ($record instanceof PublicKeyCredentialSource);
};
return array_filter($records, $filterClosure);
}
/**
* Add or update an attested credential for a given user.
*
* @param PublicKeyCredentialSource $publicKeyCredentialSource The public key credential
* source to store
*
* @return void
*
* @throws \Exception
* @since 4.0.0
*/
public function saveCredentialSource(PublicKeyCredentialSource $publicKeyCredentialSource): void
{
// Default values for saving a new credential source
/** @var Webauthn $plugin */
$plugin = Factory::getApplication()->bootPlugin('webauthn', 'system');
$knownAuthenticators = $plugin->getAuthenticationHelper()->getKnownAuthenticators();
$aaguid = (string) ($publicKeyCredentialSource->getAaguid() ?? '');
$defaultName = ($knownAuthenticators[$aaguid] ?? $knownAuthenticators[''])->description;
$credentialId = base64_encode($publicKeyCredentialSource->getPublicKeyCredentialId());
$user = Factory::getApplication()->getIdentity();
$o = (object) [
'id' => $credentialId,
'user_id' => $this->getHandleFromUserId($user->id),
'label' => Text::sprintf(
'PLG_SYSTEM_WEBAUTHN_LBL_DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATOR_LABEL',
$defaultName,
$this->formatDate('now')
),
'credential' => json_encode($publicKeyCredentialSource),
];
$update = false;
/** @var DatabaseInterface $db */
$db = $this->getDatabase();
// Try to find an existing record
try {
$query = $db->getQuery(true)
->select('*')
->from($db->quoteName('#__webauthn_credentials'))
->where($db->quoteName('id') . ' = :credentialId')
->bind(':credentialId', $credentialId);
$oldRecord = $db->setQuery($query)->loadObject();
if (\is_null($oldRecord)) {
throw new \Exception('This is a new record');
}
/**
* Sanity check. The existing credential source must have the same user handle as the one I am trying to
* save. Otherwise something fishy is going on.
*/
if ($oldRecord->user_id != $publicKeyCredentialSource->getUserHandle()) {
throw new \RuntimeException(Text::_('PLG_SYSTEM_WEBAUTHN_ERR_CREDENTIAL_ID_ALREADY_IN_USE'));
}
$o->user_id = $oldRecord->user_id;
$o->label = $oldRecord->label;
$update = true;
} catch (\Exception $e) {
}
$o->credential = $this->encryptCredential($o->credential);
if ($update) {
$db->updateObject('#__webauthn_credentials', $o, ['id']);
return;
}
/**
* This check is deliberately skipped for updates. When logging in the underlying library will try to save the
* credential source. This is necessary to update the last known authenticator signature counter which prevents
* replay attacks. When we are saving a new record, though, we have to make sure we are not a guest user. Hence
* the check below.
*/
if ((\is_null($user) || $user->guest)) {
throw new \RuntimeException(Text::_('PLG_SYSTEM_WEBAUTHN_ERR_CANT_STORE_FOR_GUEST'));
}
$db->insertObject('#__webauthn_credentials', $o);
}
/**
* Get all credential information for a given user ID. This is meant to only be used for displaying records.
*
* @param int $userId The user ID
*
* @return array
*
* @since 4.0.0
*/
public function getAll(int $userId): array
{
/** @var DatabaseInterface $db */
$db = $this->getDatabase();
$userHandle = $this->getHandleFromUserId($userId);
$query = $db->getQuery(true)
->select('*')
->from($db->quoteName('#__webauthn_credentials'))
->where($db->quoteName('user_id') . ' = :user_id')
->bind(':user_id', $userHandle);
try {
$results = $db->setQuery($query)->loadAssocList();
} catch (\Exception $e) {
return [];
}
if (empty($results)) {
return [];
}
/**
* Decodes the credentials on each record.
*
* @param array $record The record to convert
*
* @return array
* @since 4.2.0
*/
$recordsMapperClosure = function ($record) {
try {
$json = $this->decryptCredential($record['credential']);
$data = json_decode($json, true);
} catch (\JsonException $e) {
$record['credential'] = null;
return $record;
}
if (empty($data)) {
$record['credential'] = null;
return $record;
}
try {
$record['credential'] = PublicKeyCredentialSource::createFromArray($data);
return $record;
} catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
$record['credential'] = null;
return $record;
}
};
return array_map($recordsMapperClosure, $results);
}
/**
* Do we have stored credentials under the specified Credential ID?
*
* @param string $credentialId The ID of the credential to check for existence
*
* @return boolean
*
* @since 4.0.0
*/
public function has(string $credentialId): bool
{
/** @var DatabaseInterface $db */
$db = $this->getDatabase();
$credentialId = base64_encode($credentialId);
$query = $db->getQuery(true)
->select('COUNT(*)')
->from($db->quoteName('#__webauthn_credentials'))
->where($db->quoteName('id') . ' = :credentialId')
->bind(':credentialId', $credentialId);
try {
$count = $db->setQuery($query)->loadResult();
return $count > 0;
} catch (\Exception $e) {
return false;
}
}
/**
* Update the human readable label of a credential
*
* @param string $credentialId The credential ID
* @param string $label The human readable label to set
*
* @return void
*
* @since 4.0.0
*/
public function setLabel(string $credentialId, string $label): void
{
/** @var DatabaseInterface $db */
$db = $this->getDatabase();
$credentialId = base64_encode($credentialId);
$o = (object) [
'id' => $credentialId,
'label' => $label,
];
$db->updateObject('#__webauthn_credentials', $o, ['id'], false);
}
/**
* Remove stored credentials
*
* @param string $credentialId The credentials ID to remove
*
* @return void
*
* @since 4.0.0
*/
public function remove(string $credentialId): void
{
if (!$this->has($credentialId)) {
return;
}
/** @var DatabaseInterface $db */
$db = $this->getDatabase();
$credentialId = base64_encode($credentialId);
$query = $db->getQuery(true)
->delete($db->quoteName('#__webauthn_credentials'))
->where($db->quoteName('id') . ' = :credentialId')
->bind(':credentialId', $credentialId);
$db->setQuery($query)->execute();
}
/**
* Return the user handle for the stored credential given its ID.
*
* The user handle must not be personally identifiable. Per https://w3c.github.io/webauthn/#user-handle it is
* acceptable to have a salted hash with a salt private to our server, e.g. Joomla's secret. The only immutable
* information in Joomla is the user ID so that's what we will be using.
*
* @param string $credentialId The credential ID to get the user handle for
*
* @return string
*
* @since 4.0.0
*/
public function getUserHandleFor(string $credentialId): string
{
$publicKeyCredentialSource = $this->findOneByCredentialId($credentialId);
if (empty($publicKeyCredentialSource)) {
return '';
}
return $publicKeyCredentialSource->getUserHandle();
}
/**
* Return a user handle given an integer Joomla user ID. We use the HMAC-SHA-256 of the user ID with the site's
* secret as the key. Using it instead of SHA-512 is on purpose! WebAuthn only allows user handles up to 64 bytes
* long.
*
* @param int $id The user ID to convert
*
* @return string The user handle (HMAC-SHA-256 of the user ID)
*
* @since 4.0.0
*/
public function getHandleFromUserId(int $id): string
{
$key = $this->getEncryptionKey();
$data = sprintf('%010u', $id);
return hash_hmac('sha256', $data, $key, false);
}
/**
* Get the user ID from the user handle
*
* This is a VERY inefficient method. Since the user handle is an HMAC-SHA-256 of the user ID we can't just go
* directly from a handle back to an ID. We have to iterate all user IDs, calculate their handles and compare them
* to the given handle.
*
* To prevent a lengthy infinite loop in case of an invalid user handle we don't iterate the entire 2+ billion valid
* 32-bit integer range. We load the user IDs of active users (not blocked, not pending activation) and iterate
* through them.
*
* To avoid memory outage on large sites with thousands of active user records we load up to 10000 users at a time.
* Each block of 10,000 user IDs takes about 60-80 msec to iterate. On a site with 200,000 active users this method
* will take less than 1.5 seconds. This is slow but not impractical, even on crowded shared hosts with a quarter of
* the performance of my test subject (a mid-range, shared hosting server).
*
* @param string|null $userHandle The user handle which will be converted to a user ID.
*
* @return integer|null
* @since 4.2.0
*/
public function getUserIdFromHandle(?string $userHandle): ?int
{
if (empty($userHandle)) {
return null;
}
/** @var DatabaseInterface $db */
$db = $this->getDatabase();
// Check that the userHandle does exist in the database
$query = $db->getQuery(true)
->select('COUNT(*)')
->from($db->quoteName('#__webauthn_credentials'))
->where($db->quoteName('user_id') . ' = ' . $db->q($userHandle));
try {
$numRecords = $db->setQuery($query)->loadResult();
} catch (\Exception $e) {
return null;
}
if (is_null($numRecords) || ($numRecords < 1)) {
return null;
}
// Prepare the query
$query = $db->getQuery(true)
->select([$db->quoteName('id')])
->from($db->quoteName('#__users'))
->where($db->quoteName('block') . ' = 0')
->where(
'(' .
$db->quoteName('activation') . ' IS NULL OR ' .
$db->quoteName('activation') . ' = 0 OR ' .
$db->quoteName('activation') . ' = ' . $db->q('') .
')'
);
$key = $this->getEncryptionKey();
$start = 0;
$limit = 10000;
while (true) {
try {
$ids = $db->setQuery($query, $start, $limit)->loadColumn();
} catch (\Exception $e) {
return null;
}
if (empty($ids)) {
return null;
}
foreach ($ids as $userId) {
$data = sprintf('%010u', $userId);
$thisHandle = hash_hmac('sha256', $data, $key, false);
if ($thisHandle == $userHandle) {
return $userId;
}
}
$start += $limit;
}
}
/**
* Encrypt the credential source before saving it to the database
*
* @param string $credential The unencrypted, JSON-encoded credential source
*
* @return string The encrypted credential source, base64 encoded
*
* @since 4.0.0
*/
private function encryptCredential(string $credential): string
{
$key = $this->getEncryptionKey();
if (empty($key)) {
return $credential;
}
$aes = new Aes($key, 256);
return $aes->encryptString($credential);
}
/**
* Decrypt the credential source if it was already encrypted in the database
*
* @param string $credential The encrypted credential source, base64 encoded
*
* @return string The decrypted, JSON-encoded credential source
*
* @since 4.0.0
*/
private function decryptCredential(string $credential): string
{
$key = $this->getEncryptionKey();
if (empty($key)) {
return $credential;
}
// Was the credential stored unencrypted (e.g. the site's secret was empty)?
if ((strpos($credential, '{') !== false) && (strpos($credential, '"publicKeyCredentialId"') !== false)) {
return $credential;
}
$aes = new Aes($key, 256);
return $aes->decryptString($credential);
}
/**
* Get the site's secret, used as an encryption key
*
* @return string
*
* @since 4.0.0
*/
private function getEncryptionKey(): string
{
try {
$app = Factory::getApplication();
/** @var Registry $config */
$config = $app->getConfig();
$secret = $config->get('secret', '');
} catch (\Exception $e) {
$secret = '';
}
return $secret;
}
/**
* Format a date for display.
*
* The $tzAware parameter defines whether the formatted date will be timezone-aware. If set to false the formatted
* date will be rendered in the UTC timezone. If set to true the code will automatically try to use the logged in
* user's timezone or, if none is set, the site's default timezone (Server Timezone). If set to a positive integer
* the same thing will happen but for the specified user ID instead of the currently logged in user.
*
* @param string|\DateTime $date The date to format
* @param string|null $format The format string, default is Joomla's DATE_FORMAT_LC6 (usually "Y-m-d
* H:i:s")
* @param bool $tzAware Should the format be timezone aware? See notes above.
*
* @return string
* @since 4.2.0
*/
private function formatDate($date, ?string $format = null, bool $tzAware = true): string
{
$utcTimeZone = new \DateTimeZone('UTC');
$jDate = new Date($date, $utcTimeZone);
// Which timezone should I use?
$tz = null;
if ($tzAware !== false) {
$userId = is_bool($tzAware) ? null : (int) $tzAware;
try {
$tzDefault = Factory::getApplication()->get('offset');
} catch (\Exception $e) {
$tzDefault = 'GMT';
}
$user = Factory::getContainer()->get(UserFactoryInterface::class)->loadUserById($userId ?? 0);
$tz = $user->getParam('timezone', $tzDefault);
}
if (!empty($tz)) {
try {
$userTimeZone = new \DateTimeZone($tz);
$jDate->setTimezone($userTimeZone);
} catch (\Exception $e) {
// Nothing. Fall back to UTC.
}
}
if (empty($format)) {
$format = Text::_('DATE_FORMAT_LC6');
}
return $jDate->format($format, true);
}
}